External pen testing is a critical component of a comprehensive cybersecurity strategy. Penetration testing, or pen testing for short, is a simulated attack on a computer system or network with the goal of identifying vulnerabilities that could be exploited by malicious actors. External pen testing specifically focuses on testing the security of systems and networks from outside the organization, simulating an attack from a potential hacker.

External pen testing is essential because it allows organizations to identify and address vulnerabilities that could be exploited by attackers. By simulating an attack, pen testers can identify weaknesses that may not be apparent from internal testing alone. External pen testing can also help organizations meet compliance requirements and demonstrate due diligence in protecting sensitive data. In addition, it can provide valuable insight into the effectiveness of an organization’s security controls and help identify areas for improvement.

Understanding External Penetration Testing

Purpose and Scope

External penetration testing is a type of security assessment that evaluates the security of an organization’s external-facing systems and applications. The purpose of an external pen test is to identify vulnerabilities that could be exploited by an attacker to gain unauthorized access to sensitive information or systems.

The scope of an external pen test typically includes testing of internet-facing systems, such as web applications, email servers, and remote access systems. The assessment may also include testing of network infrastructure, such as firewalls and routers, to identify misconfigurations or vulnerabilities that could be exploited by an attacker.

Types of External Pen Tests

There are several types of external pen tests, each with its own focus and level of complexity. Some of the most common types include:

• Black Box Testing: This type of testing simulates an attack by an external attacker who has no prior knowledge of the target systems. The tester is given no information about the target systems other than their internet-facing IP addresses.
• Gray Box Testing: This type of testing simulates an attack by an external attacker who has some knowledge of the target systems. The tester is given limited information about the target systems, such as the types of systems and applications in use.
• White Box Testing: This type of testing simulates an attack by an external attacker who has full knowledge of the target systems. The tester is given detailed information about the target systems, such as network diagrams and system configurations.

Each type of external pen test has its own advantages and disadvantages. Black box testing is the most realistic simulation of an attack by an external attacker, but it can be more time-consuming and expensive than other types of testing. Gray box testing provides a balance between realism and efficiency, while white box testing provides the most comprehensive assessment of the target systems.

Conducting an External Pen Test

Penetration testing is an essential part of any organization’s security posture. Conducting an external pen test is one of the best ways to identify vulnerabilities and weaknesses in an organization’s external-facing systems.

Pre-Engagement Interactions

Before conducting an external pen test, it is essential to have pre-engagement interactions with the client. During these interactions, the scope of the test, objectives, and rules of engagement should be discussed and agreed upon by both parties. This will ensure that the test is conducted within the boundaries of the client’s requirements and expectations.

Reconnaissance

Reconnaissance is the process of gathering information about the target system or organization. It involves using various techniques to identify potential vulnerabilities and weaknesses that can be exploited during the pen test. This includes scanning the target’s network, identifying open ports, and determining the operating system and software versions in use.

Vulnerability Assessment

After gathering information, the next step is to perform a vulnerability assessment. This involves identifying vulnerabilities and weaknesses in the target system or organization. Vulnerability scanners and manual testing techniques can be used to identify these vulnerabilities.

Exploitation

Once vulnerabilities have been identified, the next step is to attempt to exploit them. This involves using various techniques to gain access to the target system or organization. Exploitation can be done manually or using automated tools.

Post-Exploitation

After gaining access to the target system, the next step is to maintain access and escalate privileges. This involves using various techniques to maintain access and escalate privileges to gain access to sensitive data or systems.

Reporting and Communication

After completing the pen test, a detailed report should be prepared. The report should include a summary of the findings, vulnerabilities identified, and recommendations for remediation. The report should be communicated to the client in a clear and concise manner.

In conclusion, conducting an external pen test is an essential part of any organization’s security posture. By following the steps outlined above, organizations can identify vulnerabilities and weaknesses in their external-facing systems and take steps to remediate them.